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                <h2 id="FreeBSD安装Gnome桌面环境"><a href="#FreeBSD安装Gnome桌面环境" class="headerlink" title="FreeBSD安装Gnome桌面环境"></a>FreeBSD安装Gnome桌面环境</h2><h3 id="配置-SSH允许-root-ssh"><a href="#配置-SSH允许-root-ssh" class="headerlink" title="配置 SSH允许 root ssh"></a>配置 SSH允许 root ssh</h3><figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ee /etc/ssh/sshd_config    #（删去前边的 #，并将 yes 或 no 修改为如下）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">PermitRootLogin yes          #允许 root 登录 </span><br><span class="line">PasswordAuthentication yes   #（可选）设置是否使用普通密码验证，如果不设置此参数则使用 PAM 认证登录，安全性更高</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>提示：删去前边的 <code>#</code> 是什么意思？<code>#</code> 在 UNIX 当中一般是起到一个注释作用，相当于 C 语言里面的 <code>//</code>。意味着后边的文字只起到说明作用，不起实际作用。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>故障排除</strong></p>
<p>如果你实在是找不到 <code>PasswordAuthentication no</code>，请你看看你改的究竟是 <code>/etc/ssh/</code>ssh<em><strong>d</strong></em><code>_config</code> 还是 <code>/etc/ssh/</code><strong>ssh</strong><code>_config</code>。<strong>sshd</strong> 才是我们真正要改的文件。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="开启-SSH-服务"><a href="#开启-SSH-服务" class="headerlink" title="开启 SSH 服务"></a>开启 SSH 服务</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">service sshd restart</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>如果提示找不到 <code>sshd</code>,请执行下一命令:</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">sysrc sshd_enable=<span class="string">&quot;YES&quot;</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后再</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">service sshd restart</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="显卡驱动以及虚拟机增强工具"><a href="#显卡驱动以及虚拟机增强工具" class="headerlink" title="显卡驱动以及虚拟机增强工具"></a>显卡驱动以及虚拟机增强工具</h3><h3 id="显卡驱动"><a href="#显卡驱动" class="headerlink" title="显卡驱动"></a>显卡驱动</h3><p>VMware 自动缩放屏幕请安装显卡驱动和虚拟机增强工具，即：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install xf86-video-vmware open-vm-tools xf86-input-vmmouse</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>安装完毕后无需任何多余配置即可实现屏幕自动缩放。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>请勿做多余配置，比如去修改创建 <code>xorg.conf</code>，这会造成虚拟机卡死等问题。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>wayland 下也需要安装该驱动。即使 wayland 暂不可用。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>如果屏幕显示不正常（过大），请尝试：编辑虚拟机设置——&gt;硬件、设备——&gt;显示器——&gt;监视器、指定监视器设置——&gt;任意监视器的最大分辨率，设置为主机的分辨率或者略低于主机分辨率均可。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="虚拟机增强工具"><a href="#虚拟机增强工具" class="headerlink" title="虚拟机增强工具"></a>虚拟机增强工具</h3><p>如果有桌面</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install open-vm-tools xf86-input-vmmouse</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>如果没有桌面：</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install open-vm-tools-nox11</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>具体配置</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ee /boot/loader.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>写入</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">fusefs_load=&quot;YES&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="共享文件夹（可选）"><a href="#共享文件夹（可选）" class="headerlink" title="共享文件夹（可选）"></a>共享文件夹（可选）</h3><p>请先安装虚拟机增强工具。</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vmhgfs-fuse .host:/selfsharefold /mnt/hgfs</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>查看共享文件夹</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls /mnt/hgfs</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="安装Gnome"><a href="#安装Gnome" class="headerlink" title="安装Gnome"></a>安装Gnome</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">正常安装</span></span><br><span class="line">pkg install xorg gnome noto-sc xdg-user-dirs</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>解释:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">软件</th>
<th align="center">用途</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">xorg</td>
<td align="center">X11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">gnome</td>
<td align="center">Gnome 主程序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">noto-sc</td>
<td align="center">思源黑体——简体中文</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">xdg-user-dirs</td>
<td align="center">用于创建用户家目录的子目录</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>精简安装（仅限经验丰富的用户）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install xorg-minimal gnome-lite wqy-fonts xdg-user-dirs</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">安装谷歌 系统管理 终端 gedit</span></span><br><span class="line">pkg install chromium gnome-system-monitor gnome-console gedit </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>如果安装了完整版本也可以使用 pkg 包管理器卸载自带的游戏软件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg delete gnome-2048 gnome-klotski gnome-tetravex gnome-mines gnome-taquin gnome-sudoku gnome-robots gnome-nibbles lightsoff tali quadrapassel swell-foop gnome-mahjongg five-or-more iagno aisleriot four-in-a-row</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="配置"><a href="#配置" class="headerlink" title="配置"></a>配置</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ee /etc/fstab</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>添加内容如下:</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">proc                    /proc   procfs  rw              0       0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>设置gnome-session输入以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">% </span><span class="language-bash"><span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;/usr/local/bin/gnome-session&quot;</span> &gt; ~/.xinitrc</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="配置启动项："><a href="#配置启动项：" class="headerlink" title="配置启动项："></a>配置启动项：</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ee /etc/rc.conf</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">添加</span></span><br><span class="line">dbus_enable=&quot;YES&quot;</span><br><span class="line">hald_enable=&quot;YES&quot;</span><br><span class="line">gdm_enable=&quot;YES&quot;</span><br><span class="line">gnome_enable=&quot;YES&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="中文化GNOME-界面"><a href="#中文化GNOME-界面" class="headerlink" title="中文化GNOME 界面"></a>中文化GNOME 界面</h3><blockquote>
<p>本小节配置参数与用户 shell 无关，即使是 csh 也该如此配置。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ee /usr/local/etc/gdm/locale.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LANG=&quot;zh_CN.UTF-8&quot;</span><br><span class="line">LC_CTYPE=&quot;zh_CN.UTF-8&quot;</span><br><span class="line">LC_MESSAGES=&quot;zh_CN.UTF-8&quot;</span><br><span class="line">LC_ALL=&quot;zh_CN.UTF-8&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="中文输入法"><a href="#中文输入法" class="headerlink" title="中文输入法"></a>中文输入法</h3><p>gnome 捆绑的输入法面板是 <code>ibus</code>。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install zh-ibus-libpinyin </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">安装好运行初始化命令</span> </span><br><span class="line">ibus-setup</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>安装输入法(这里只装拼音输入法</p>
<p>运行ibus-setup重启系统,还要在系统设置—–&gt;区域与语言—&gt;输入源加入中文输入法</p>
<h3 id="终端显示中文（文件用户根目录）"><a href="#终端显示中文（文件用户根目录）" class="headerlink" title="终端显示中文（文件用户根目录）"></a>终端显示中文（文件用户根目录）</h3><blockquote>
<p>此处对用户 shell 存疑。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ee .cshrc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>添加以下内容</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">setenv LANG zh_CN.UTF-8</span><br><span class="line">setenv LC_CTYPE zh_CN.UTF-8</span><br><span class="line">setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.UTF-8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="优化系统"><a href="#优化系统" class="headerlink" title="优化系统"></a>优化系统</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install gnome-tweaks</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>安装其他软件&#x2F;安装字体</p>
<h3 id="Firefox-与-Chromium-安装"><a href="#Firefox-与-Chromium-安装" class="headerlink" title="Firefox 与 Chromium 安装"></a>Firefox 与 Chromium 安装</h3><h3 id="火狐浏览器"><a href="#火狐浏览器" class="headerlink" title="火狐浏览器"></a>火狐浏览器</h3><h4 id="安装普通版本（更新频繁）："><a href="#安装普通版本（更新频繁）：" class="headerlink" title="安装普通版本（更新频繁）："></a>安装普通版本（更新频繁）：</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install firefox</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>或者</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /usr/ports/www/firefox</span><br><span class="line">make install clean </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="安装长期支持版本："><a href="#安装长期支持版本：" class="headerlink" title="安装长期支持版本："></a>安装长期支持版本：</h4><figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install firefox-esr</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>或者</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /usr/ports/www/firefox-esr/ &amp;&amp; make install clean</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="Chromium（Chromium-不是-chrome，但是启动命令是-chrome）"><a href="#Chromium（Chromium-不是-chrome，但是启动命令是-chrome）" class="headerlink" title="Chromium（Chromium 不是 chrome，但是启动命令是 chrome）"></a>Chromium（Chromium 不是 chrome，但是启动命令是 chrome）</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install chromium</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>或者</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd /usr/ports/www/chromium</span><br><span class="line">make install clean</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="安装其他软件（可选）"><a href="#安装其他软件（可选）" class="headerlink" title="安装其他软件（可选）"></a>安装其他软件（可选）</h3><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pkg install -y wqy-fonts 字体</span><br><span class="line">pkg install -y smplayer (视频播放器)</span><br><span class="line">pkg install -y zh_CN-libreoffice(中文版办公软件)</span><br><span class="line">pkg install -y gimp(图片处理)</span><br><span class="line">pkg install -y thunderbird(邮件客户端)</span><br><span class="line">pkg install -y transmission (BT下载工具)</span><br><span class="line">pkg install -y system-config-printer(帮助添加打印机)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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